In a short paragraphusing at least one academic source, answer by extending,refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to each discussionbelow.

A-HealthInsurance Coverage

Healthcare reform in the United States in 2010 hasstrengthened the importance of obligatory health insurance. However,there are some ethical and political issues that arise as a result ofthe fact that if an individual mandate does not cover Americans’health insurance, they must overpay and pay a tax penalty. The ethicsof health insurance coverage manifests itself in the duty of allAmericans to purchase an insurance policy that demonstrates theprinciple of respect for people. From an ethical point of view,according to the Affordable Care Act, health insurance eliminatesunfair fluctuations or increases in the insurance rate in privatecompanies upholding the principle of fairness. Thus, clients have awide choice of private or public insurance companies (Morden, 2017).After all, according to ethical standards, an insurer must take careof their financial reliability and refuse to pursue a policy ofunreasonable overestimation of insurance rates. Further, ACA healthinsurance supports the principle of benevolence since insurancecovers illnesses and diseases such as cancer, which previouslegislation made difficult to obtain for covering treatment.

The politics of mandatingthat everyone has health insurance coverage is reasonable because alack of health insurance leads to tax penalties and increased medicalexpenses. If a US resident cannot obtain private insurance and is notcovered by state insurance, they are forced to pay for theirtreatment on their own. Paying for medical services in the US out ofpocket is the least cost-effective method of financing for patientsbecause medical services are expensive, and usually few people canafford to pay for them. Mandatory insurance has made progress forhealth care institutions as the rate of uninsured population hasdecreased as well as the proportion of minors who cannot afford care.Healthcare facilities are receiving an increase in financial securityand a reduction in debt to recover economically, which improveshealth care delivery (Obama, 2016, p.527). Therefore, mandatoryinsurance policies are beneficial for patients.

B-TheAffordable Care Act is a detailed part of our legislation andimpacts the the non-group insurance market in the UnitedStates, and states and mandates that the population have healthinsurance, which significantly expands public insurance andsubsidizes private insurance coverage, it also raises revenues from avariety of new taxes, and in turn reduces and reorganizes spendingunder the nation’s largest health insurance plan, which isMedicare. This policy remains a debate even to this day.

The Affordable Care Actessentially provides income-related premium assistance andcost-sharing to increase health care access and providefinancial protection for those persons with lower incomes (Martin,2010). This then will reduce out-of-pocket expenses for coveredbenefits. The law will vary cost-sharing standards as well as anypremium credits by poverty level to limit a person’s risk ofincurring high out-of-pocket expenses and to make health care moreaffordable. The reforms then expand coverage and reduce the number ofinsured people based on exposure to medical care costs that are highrelative to their incomes.

I have mix feelingsregarding the ACA bill. One of the main reasons why I have a mixemotion is because the individuals that are uninsured arebecause they cannot afford their premiums. Having to pay their missedpayments means they simply will not have insurance and the country isright back where it was before ACA. Another aspect of the AHCA that Ido not agree with is that the cost of coverage is based on age, theolder a person, the higher the premium. Under the ACA an older personcould be charged up to 3 times as much more for insurance coveragethan a younger person. Under the AHCA, an older person can be chargedup to five times as much (E-Health Insurance, 2019) It does not allowfor a pre existing condition clause to be enforced, but it paves theway to penalize the consumer having co morbidities as they are morefrequent as we aged. Also the elderly are not as financially free asworking younger persons, so the chances of being able to pay thepremiums are, again, lower.