Chapter 7 examines the tools and technologies that can be applied to policy making. Technological developments provide opportunities that can be exploited by policymakers to enhance their effectiveness and efficiency in finding solutions to societal problems. These tools include visualization tools, argumentation tools, e-Participation tools, opinion mining tools, simulation tools, serious games, tools specifically developed for policy makers, persuasive tools, social network analysis tools, big data analytics tools, semantics and linked data tools (Janssen, Wimmer, & Deljoo, 2014). Each of these tools has an important contribution to make on policy making and the decision making process. For example, big data analytics tools allow policymakers to work with large volumes pf data by making information readily available in standard machine readable formats.

E-participation plays a crucial role in public policy making. The participation of citizens in democratic activities through digital technologies is referred to as e-participation. It is possible to use digital facilities to give citizens the opportunity to participate in democratic processes. The kinds of activities that can be done online include sending e-postcards or political jokes, downloading campaign software, forwarding an online petition, and signing up for an e-news bulletin (Jafarkarimi, Sim, Saadatdoost, & Hee, 2014). All online users who participate in these activities are referred to as e-participants in democratic activities. Policymakers can gain new insights from the participation of citizens in through digital technologies. For example, e-participation allows public policy makers to incorporate the views of those affected by the policies they develop in the policy options they consider.

The tools discussed in the Chapter can be applied in an array of policy making contexts. Simulation tools, which are based on agent-based modeling have been emphasized in this course. Simulation tools can be applied in the exploration of the complexity of social systems. A social system comprises of a collection of individuals who interact directly or through their social environment (Janssen, Wimmer, & Deljoo, 2014). An example of simulation tools is the Multi-Agent Simulation Suite, which is a software package developed to help modelers to simulate and study complex social environments.

harikishore – The following are explanations of why organizational philosophy is important (O’Sullivan, 2016). The first one is that it defines the corporation’s personality without the exclusions if it is interior or external. It defines all the workload and rate of all others. It defines how the business is moved, how interaction is done specifically the customers, employees, associates, dealers, the media and other sponsors. It shows all aspects of the business.

Organizational culture is all about living the morals of the company. This reflects all the routine completely based on the corporation. It also sums all the beliefs in action apart from the writing. A good firm depends on the core values put in place to enhance it. The third one is that the culture can turn the staff into supporters or critics depending on the values exposed. A better culture celebrates success and also maintains its strengths in the setbacks. This can thus increase the patience thus benefiting the entire workforce.

The fourth one is that it helps one preserve and also helps hold the best employees who are benefiting the firms. This thus gives a better impression of the company thus increasing the appointment rate and the upkeep of the best employees to increase the welfares and the profits. The fifth one is that the culture assists with the onboarding. This increases bringing into line force at your company. This increases workforce commitment.

It also transmutes a company into a team that enhances the helping with the workforce. The culture breaks the boundaries and guide through the making of the decision and improve the whole workflow of the company. The last one is that it impacts the whole performance and employee welfare and this largely implies a better and increased rate of work and betterment of the larger picture of the company (Keith, Smith, & Taylor, 2017).

Rakesh – The community of interest is the people or group who all have same interests and skills. They can learn from each other experiences. Every organization has rapidly and effectively started using COI in the company. SO that people working in close to that department can get more out of it. This process increases the newly hired employees to understand all the standards across the company. The newly employees can get all the practical information required to help of communities of practice. Th projects are executed properly with the faster employee program to cover the community practice. The way this helps the employee is improves all the skills with proper brainstorming sessions. Cops help to retain all the employee recruit who has proper skills. Identify the employees who are capable of having extra talent to involve in all the company practices. This process helps to convert the weakness of anyone employee towards positive mind. The best approach to implement the community of practice with all the canonical in the company. This way all the formal rules will be followed by each member. the non-canonical model will be followed during the formal meetings and sessions.

The communities will have to align with members so that company can be following all the organizational standards to follow the objectives to truly help towards the growth of the company. The organization will meet the objectives to truly handle the company objectives. The membership is voluntary step to lead the group based on the interest with other members freely based on topics. If the members are forced to practice the skills where there is tendency to ignore the skills. the growth of the company lies within the people who are working for it. Total members in the community should be trained properly. It’s good to listen all the complaints from the employee’s so that we can properly guide those for best results.

The main pillars of community of practices is to define most of the standards ways. This is not just a ordinary way of handling the things when allowed to follow the identifying the media platforms. The planning for the community of practice are as follows.

DOMAIN – This can be identified with all the titles within the company. Based on the team which is working the line of business the names are defined like financing, marketing and sales etc. The standardized way of handling these to solve the hurdles within the company.

COMMUNITY- The community is the part of pillars handling all the way for the interacting the each way to offer the improve the skills and choose proper domains. The ways of solving is give a list of questionnaire to employees and get feedback and implement the results.

PRACTICE- The way this can be member level exchange tools that can help the domain in standardize and strengthen the company.

The last part of practices are pillars but the most important. This is where the member’s exchange tools that can help the domain in understanding them.