there are two responses.

first one

The market revolution consists of the spread of market relations, westward movement, and rise of political democracy; which greatly affected the livelihood of free and enslaved African Americans, white women, Native Americans, and propertyless white males (Foner 328).

First, in the spread of market relations, the Cotton Kingdom contributed massively to the American economy where slaves are the ones producing cotton (Foner 336). During Lafayette’s visit to America, he freed the slaves by purchasing a cotton plantation (Foner 328). They experienced racial bias from white people because they were threatened of possible danger when they try to visit ceremonies honoring Lafayette (Foner 328). Furthermore, men are working away from home so women have new opportunities working in factories instead of working in their homes (Foner 358).

Second, slaves traveled with owners while other slaves were transported through slave traders to work in cotton fields which is the cause of westward movement (Foner 338). Furthermore, the enslaved African Americans are experiencing worse scenarios, like “slave coffles” which are slaves that are chained together while they were marching and being described as “disgusting” by a British visitor (Foner 338).

Lastly, in the rise of political democracy, property qualification for voting started at the American Revolution then ended by 1860 for all except for Rhode Island (Foner 367). The Dorr War, named after Thomas Dorr, is a “movement in Rhode Island against property qualifications for voting” of propertyless white men because Rhode Island had an increasing trend of propertyless men and “required voters to own real estate valued at $134 or rent property for at least $7 per year” (Foner 367). In addition, Native Americans were deprived of their rights, forcing them to leave the state by President Jackson funding the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and calling them “savages” (Foner 394).

In conclusion, all women who are white and black women are better off in terms of rights, economic opportunities, and participation in the new republic in general; because they have all equal to men. Propertyless white males in voting benefit from the American Revolution, because the right to vote is American democracy (Foner 358, 368). While free and enslaved African Americans and Native Americans are still under racial bias.

response 250 to 300 words

second one

Name of student” David”

The developments of the 1800-1840s impacted the lives of the American people in substantially different ways based on their race, sex, gender, and social standing. For many white men, new opportunities for economic freedom abound, coupled with “a new emphasis on individualism and physical mobility. Through their own initiatives and hard work, white men got rich by taking part in the new market system either in the new urban centers or farther west (Foner 362). Their rights were assured, their participation in the new republic guaranteed with voting privilege. Much less rosy were the effects on the other segments. This discussion focuses on Black Americans following a cursory look at women, propertyless white men, and Native Americans.

For women, some found a sense of independence in coming to the city, working as “mill girls” and earning a wage for the first time (Foner 343); while for others, as reported by Sarah Bagley in Freedom and Necessity at Lowell (1845), they were treated like slaves, “universally oppressed, degraded, and regarded as an inferior order of beings.” Propertyless men did not fare well economically; and some states, such as Virginia, even denied them the right to vote, causing them to have to submit the Virginia Petition for the Right to Vote (1829) at the Virginia Constitution Convention of that year — to no avail. For Native American, The Indian Removal Act of 1830 brought about the uprooting of around 60,000 individuals within the Cherokee and four other tribes, who had been living peaceably and comfortably in the Southeast, causing “more than 4,000 Indians to perish during the winter of 1838-39 on the Trail of Tears” (Foner, Voices of Freedom, 199), prompting them to record their objections in the Appeal of the Cherokee Nation (1830). But the group that fared the worst were free and enslaved African Americans.

Free blacks “suffered discrimination in every phase of their lives.” They were poor, discriminated against, assaulted, living in segregated communities, barred from access to public land, and even barred from entering certain states under a Federal Law of 1860 (Foner 358). Their constitutional rights were denied when Pennsylvania, home to the largest free black community in the North, had stripped them of the right to vote in 1837. In the Appeals of Forty Thousand Citizens (1838), the free black men of Pennsylvania claimed that the law stripped them “of a right peaceably enjoyed during forty-seven years under the Constitution of this commonwealth,” and lamenting that “when you have taken from an individual his right to vote, you have made the government, in regard to him, a mere despotism; and you have taken a step towards making it a despotism to all.”

For the enslaved African Americans, the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 brought about the rise of the “Cotton Kingdom,” resulting in a massive growth in the resurgent enslavement of blacks. “Around one million slaves were shifted from the older slave states to the Lower South,” with the majority being transported by slave traders, who were no longer foreign slave traders but “well-organized American business.” They were shackled, “manacled and chained together on forced marches,” on the way to be sold at auction (Foner 337-338). Enslaved African Americans were severed from family and community, not afforded liberty of any kind, denied basic rights and economic freedom, and possessed absolutely no political freedom whatsoever. They were the victims of the fast-developing and wealthy new republic that seemed to have delivered rights, economic benefits, and political liberty to many others but them.

The new republic witnessed a great disparity in the lives of the American people. The new developments yielded great wealth and power to the white men who knew how to exploit the advantages of the new age, while those less fortunate suffered losses in their liberty and economic and political freedom. Unfortunately, this appears to still be the case in this supposedly democratic, powerful, and prosperous nation of ours.

response 250 to 300 words