Political Science Due Feb 15, 2020 (
Question Description
Political Science: Read instructions below
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27 Questions: 
Situation: You have graduated from Methodist University and have been hired to work as a member of the staff of the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations in New York City. Your new boss, the Ambassador, has been asked you to attend a planning meeting to discuss future policy around the world. As a new political appointee the Ambassador has limited experience dealing with international organizations. She was actually a neighborhood organizer in Chicago before coming to the UN. Your reputation as knowledgeable in international organizations has preceded you, so the Ambassador is eager to have you meet with her to discuss some ideas. She has a stack of files with her to discuss issues.
Question 1
The first item on the agenda is to discuss the Ambassador’s calendar. Your boss notes that in the coming weeks the she has a series of private meetings with the principle leaders of a number of international organizations, some governmental and some not. First she asks, what are the primary differences between an Intergovernmental Organization (IGO) and a Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)? (Select one)
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Both have membership from multiple countries |
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An IGO is a formal institution whose members are governments of nation states who join voluntarily; while an NGO is a formal institution whose members are non-profit, private entities that engage in international activities. |
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Both represent the interests of their membership. |
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A transnational Enterprise (TNE) is another type of NGO that is a for-profit, corporate entity with parent and subsidiary business interests in two or more countries. |
4 points
Question 2
She then asks other general questions. What are some of the strengths of international organizations (IOs)? (Select all that apply)
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They promote common interests over that of individual nation states and curb self-interests somewhat. |
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They can mobilize collective actions. |
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They fully consider the costs and benefits of all international actions. |
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They can share the blame, if things go wrong. |
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They can coordinate policies among its member states. |
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They can share the burden by pooling resources and share knowledge and expertise. |
4 points
Question 3
What are some of the most notable criticisms of IOs? (Select all that apply)
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They often violate national sovereignty. |
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They are the final authority concerning collective action. |
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They require consensus to act. |
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They can act swiftly and decisively. |
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They are merely used to divert blame or to pass on responsibility for action |
4 points
Question 4
Which statement best describes the purpose of IOs? (Select one)
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They share resources and responsibility. |
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They serve the collective interests of their member states or institutions. |
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They serve as a forum for discussion. |
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They decide policy. |
4 points
Question 5
The Ambassador has heard you discussing the various perspectives of international relations in the office. Of the five International Relations (IR) perspectives, Realism, Liberalism, Structuralism, Feminism, and Constructivism, which one is most likely to foster the greatest amount of cooperation and collective action within the United Nations? (Select one)
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Realism or nationalism |
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Liberalism |
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Structuralism |
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Feminism |
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Constructivism |
4 points
Question 6
Of the five IR perspectives, which perspective is most likely to generate conflicts among the members of the UN? (Select one)
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Realism or Nationalism |
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Liberalism |
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Structuralism |
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Feminism |
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Constructivism |
4 points
Question 7
Of the five IR perspectives, which perspective is most likely to identify any gender bias within the UN? (Select one)
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Realism or Nationalism |
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Liberalism |
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Structuralism |
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Feminism |
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Constructivism |
4 points
Question 8
Of the five IR perspectives, which perspective is based upon socially constructed goals and ideas that are particularly applicable to nongovernmental organizations and interest groups? (Select one)
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Realism or Nationalism |
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Liberalism |
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Structuralism |
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Feminism |
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Constructivism |
4 points
Question 9
How do most Realists view the utility of international organizations? (Select one)
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They see IOs as being able to foster cooperation and to intervene in great power politics by legitimizing and controlling the existing world order |
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They see IOs as institutionalizing the interests of the powerful states and fostering cooperation in noncontroversial issue areas where states have common interests. |
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They view IOs as mechanisms of capitalist domination and exploitation, created to maintain hegemony over the disadvantaged states or classes. |
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They view most IOs as dominated by a male patriarchy and high politics. |
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They view IOs as a set of institutional values and forums for the socialization of new ideas and common principles. |
4 points
Question 10
How do most Liberalists view the utility of international organizations? (Select one)
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They see IOs as being able to foster cooperation and to intervene in great power politics by legitimizing and controlling the existing world order |
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They see IOs as institutionalizing the interests of the powerful states and fostering cooperation in noncontroversial issue areas where states have common interests. |
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They view IOs as mechanisms of capitalist domination and exploitation, created to maintain hegemony over the disadvantaged states and classes. |
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They view most IOs as dominated by a male patriarchy and high politics. |
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They view IOs as a set of institutional values and forums for the socialization of new ideas and common principles. |
4 points
Question 11
How do most Structuralists or Marxists view the utility of international organizations? (Select one)
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They see IOs as being able to foster cooperation and to intervene in great power politics by legitimizing and controlling the existing world order |
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They see IOs as institutionalizing the interests of the powerful states and fostering cooperation in noncontroversial issue areas where states have common interests. |
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They view IOs as mechanisms of capitalist domination and exploitation, created to maintain hegemony over the disadvantaged states and classes. |
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They view most IOs as dominated by a male patriarchy and high politics. |
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They view IOs as a set of institutional values and forums for the socialization of new ideas and common principles. |
4 points
Question 12
How do most Feminists view the utility of international organizations? (Select one)
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They see IOs as being able to foster cooperation and to intervene in great power politics by legitimizing and controlling the existing world order. |
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They see IOs as institutionalizing the interests of the powerful states and fostering cooperation in noncontroversial issue areas where states have common interests. |
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They view IOs as mechanisms of capitalist domination and exploitation, created to maintain hegemony over the disadvantaged states and classes. |
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They view most IOs as dominated by a male patriarchy and high politics. |
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They view IOs as a set of institutional values and forums for the socialization of new ideas and common principles. |
4 points
Question 13
How do most Constructivists view the utility of international organizations? (Select one)
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They see IOs as being able to foster cooperation and to intervene in great power politics by legitimizing and controlling the existing world order |
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They see IOs as institutionalizing the interests of the powerful states and fostering cooperation in noncontroversial issue areas where states have common interests. |
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They view IOs as mechanisms of capitalist domination and exploitation, created to maintain hegemony over the disadvantaged states and classes. |
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They view most IOs as dominated by a male patriarchy and high politics. |
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They view IOs as a set of institutional values and forums for the socialization of new ideas and common principles. |
4 points
Question 14
The Ambassador has also heard you in the office describe systems analysis as a potentially useful tool in evaluating international organizations. What is systems analysis? (Select one)
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It is a scientific approach that uses quantitative methods. |
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It is a methodology that breaks any system or organization into its subcomponents to evaluate how they interact and work together. |
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It is an engineering approach to building an organization. |
4 points
Question 15
What are some of the common inputs that should be considered when evaluating organizations like the UN? (Select all that apply)
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Contending member state policies |
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Peacekeeping operations |
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Collaboration |
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Media |
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Lobbyists |
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Interest groups |
4 points
Question 16
What are some of the common outputs that should be considered when evaluating organizations like the UN? (Select all that apply)
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Treaties |
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Resources committed |
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Nongovernmental Organizations |
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Transnational Enterprises |
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Collective defense |
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Expertise |
4 points
Question 17
What are some of the common outputs that should be considered when evaluating organizations like the UN? (Select all that apply)
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Treaties |
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Resources committed |
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Nongovernmental Organizations |
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Transnational Enterprises |
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Collective defense |
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Expertise |
4 points
Question 18
Which of the following organizations is best example of a supranational organization? (Select one)
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United Nations (UN) |
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World Bank (IBRD) |
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European Union (EU) |
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Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) |
4 points
Question 19
The Ambassador then asks: Which of the following do you consider as important unifying principles of the United Nations (UN), according to its Charter? (Select all that apply)
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Sovereign equality |
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Right of collective defense under Article 51 |
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To eliminate hunger in the world |
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To make technology available to all nations |
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Peaceful settlement of disputes |
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Noninterference in domestic jurisdiction |
4 points
Question 20
The discussion turns to some specific responsibilities of the United Nations. What international organization has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace? (Select one)
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) |
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The UN General Assembly |
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The UN Security Council |
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The UN Secretariat |
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The International Court of Justice |
4 points
Question 21
Why has the UN failed to make collective security work in every case but two since its beginning? (Select all that apply)
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Lack of consensus or agreement that an aggression has occured |
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Powerful states like the U.S. do not follow the rules |
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One of the five permanent members has exercised its veto. |
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The UN is too slow to act; other international organizations or states have acted first. |
4 points
Question 22
Which of the following organs acts as the central forum for the reflection, debate and innovative thinking on sustainable development in the United Nations? (Select one)
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UN General Assembly |
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UN Security Council |
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Economic and Social Council |
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Secretariate |
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International Court of Justice |
4 points
Question 23
The Ambassador now asks you to match the appropriate UN decision-making rules with the appropriate required UN member Vote below:
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4 points
Question 24
The Ambassador then asks, What reforms have been under consideration since 2005 to improve the United Nations? (Select all that apply)
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Expand permanent Security Council membership (P5) by adding four new permanent members, Brazil, India, Germany & Japan. |
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Eliminate the Right to Veto by P5 Security Council members. |
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Expand nonpermanent, elected Security Council membership by adding four new regional representatives from Asia, Africa, Europe & Middle East. |
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Member states should adopt the principle of responsibility to protect (R2P) as a human rights reform, which states that if member states are unwilling to protect the population, then the responsibility falls to the international community. |
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Withdraw from repressive states the right to membership in the United States. |
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Curb the abuse and sexual exploitation of local populations by UN troops and civilian personnel in Peacekeeping missions. |
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Direct election of the UN Secretary General by the people of the member states. |
5 points
Question 25
The Ambassador then reviews the list of international governmental organizations (IGOs) which deal with global and regional security. She then asks, How are strategic decisions made in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)? (Select one)
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Decisions are made by the Supreme Allied Commanders and their military staffs. |
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Decisions are made by a simple majority Vote (15 members) of the civilian national leadership of the Atlantic Council and their defense ministers of the Military Committee |
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Decisions are made by a 2/3 majority Vote (20 members) of the civilian national leadership of the Atlantic Council and their defense ministers of the Military Committee |
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Decisions are made by a consensus of the civilian national leadership of the Atlantic Council and their defense ministers of the Military Committee, after discussion and consultation among member countries. Decisions must be unanimous. |
4 points
Question 26
You and the Ambassador then discuss the important security issues facing global (IGOs). She asks: Which of the security IGOs is currently facing a serious leadership crisis? (Select one)
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United Nations (UN) |
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) |
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Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) |
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South American Defense Council (SADC) |
4 points
Question 27
Finally your boss would like you to summarize some of the key security issues faced by the IGOs by region.
Please match each of the security IGOs below to the corresponding key security issues. (Note that some issues may be common to more than one organization or region):
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